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American History: Volume VI—Revolt of the Colonies

Part six of an eight part series on the history of America from its earliest times through to the age of George Washington, told by master storyteller Jacob Abbott.

This volume provides a fascinating and detailed account of all the events that led up to the opening military engagements of what became the American Revolution. Starting with a discussion of how the concept of government, independence, and liberty took root in the thirteen colonies because of their unique social makeup, the author moves on to contrast this with the commercial and economic demands of England.

The introduction of the Stamp Act and its effect upon the colonies is treated with objectivity and the author fairly reviews both sides of the argument—and discusses many of the excesses committed by individuals on both sides.

As events sped up, the clock was set in motion for a military clash. The exploits of, among others, John Hancock, Samuel Adams, James Otis, and the other major players are revealed in gripping detail, along with the heavy-handed Boston Massacre, the burning of HMS Gaspee, the Boston Tea Party, and the Battle of Lexington—when the British finally realized that they were no longer dealing with unhappy colonists, but a full-fledged rebellion.

“The news of what had taken place at Lexington and Concord spread like wildfire among all the neighboring towns, and the people everywhere seized their arms, organized themselves into companies, and hastened to the line of the road which the troops must take in returning, to intercept and harass them on their march. They fired at them from behind trees and stone walls, and lay in ambush for them at every turn. They followed them up so closely as not to allow them a moment’s rest, and worried them with so galling and incessant a fire that they became in the end almost entirely exhausted; and indeed, it was thought that they would have been entirely cut off and the whole body captured if General Gage had not sent out a strong force to meet and rescue them. By the assistance of this force they succeeded in getting back to Charlestown, though with a loss of nearly a quarter of their number.”

Contents

CHAPTER I: Principles of Government

Divergency of European and American Ideas.—The Natural Origin of Government.—No Other Government Possible in the Early Stages of Society.—Nature and Origin of the Civil Liberties Enjoyed by the People in Europe.—American Ideas of Government.—Cause of this Diversity.—Origin of Government in America.—The Proprietary Governments.—Early Indifference of the Mother Country in Respect to the Colonies.—Increasing Importance of the Colonies.—Conflicting Claims.—Royal Charters.—Conflicts under the Charter Governors.—Contests in Respect to the Charters.—The Charter Oak at Hartford.—Progress of the Royal Governor.—The Charter Disappears.—The Charter Oak

CHAPTER II: The Mother Country and the Colonies

Relation of the Colonies to the Mother Country.—The Four Great Subjects of Contention.—1.—The Right of the Government to Regulate the Commerce of the Colonies.—The Colonial System.—Double Object to be Secured by This System.—The Colonies Unable to Resist the English Navigation Laws.—2.—The Tenure of Office in the Case of Judges.—3.—The Salaries of the Governors.—The Moderation of the Claim Made by the Colonies.—4.—The Power of Direct Taxation.—The Result, in Practice.—The Time for Direct Taxation Arrives.—Grounds of Resistance on the Part of the Colonies.—Theory of the British Constitution.—Practical Operation of the System.—Watchful Jealousy of Englishmen in Respect to This Power.—Feeling of the American Colonists.—Argument of the British Writers.—The Reply of the Colonists to This Argument.—A Real Representation of the Colonies in Parliament Proposed

CHAPTER III: The Stamp Act

The First Attempted Taxation.—Advantages of the Plan.—Great Excitement in America.—Period When These Transactions Occurred.—The Excitement Does not Subside.—The True Point at Issue.—General Convention Called.—Preparations Made in Boston for Collecting the Tax.—The Liberty Tree.—The Effigies.—Governor Hutchinson.—Plans for Removing the Effigies.—An Open Riot.—Rioting as a Remedy for Wrong.—The Sacking of Hutchinson’s Residence.—Change in Public Opinion.—Riots in Other Places.—Total Failure of the Government to Carry the Act into Effect.—Repeal of the Stamp Act.—Satisfaction and Joy of the Americans

CHAPTER IV: Progress of the Quarrel

The Controversy not Settled by the Repeal of the Stamp Act.—Unfavorable Turn of Affairs in England.—Dispute about the Damages.—Renewed Attempt to Tax the Colonists.—The Idea of the Government.—Preparations for a Contest.—Effect of These Measures in America.—John Hancock.—Samuel Adams.—John Hancock’s Sloop Liberty.—The Circular Letter of Massachusetts.—Occasion of the Circular.—The Question of Independence.—Displeasure of the Ministry with the Circular.—Decision of the Assembly of Massachusetts on the Question of Rescinding.—Address to the Ministry Accompanying the Refusal to Rescind.—Public Opinion in Boston on the Question of Rescinding

CHAPTER V: Military Preparations

Effect of the Dissolution of the Assembly.—A Convention Called.—Action of the Convention.—Rejection of the Two Petitions.—Arrival of Troops.—Landing of the Troops.—Question of Quarters.—Views of the Governor.—The Manufactory House.—A Compromise.—Great Excitement on the Following Day.—The Excitement Continues.—Interposition of General Gage.—The Officers Attempt to Conciliate the Ladies.—Burning of the Jail.—The Commissioners of Customs.—James Otis.—Otis’s Idea of His Position in a Legal Point of View.—Otis Advertises the Commissioners.—Advertisement.—Sir Francis Bernard, of Nettleham, Bart.—Anger of the Commissioners.—Results of the Assault upon Otis.—The Action for Damages

CHAPTER VI: The Middle and Southern Colonies

Opposition to the Measures of the Government General throughout All the Colonies.—Alleged Trivialness of the Causes of the Quarrel.—The Two Great Foundations of English Liberty.—General Effect of These Limitations.—Practical Result in England.—Intentions of the English Government in Respect to America.—Action of Virginia.—Lord Botetourt.—English Ideas of the Display of Pomp and Parade as an Auxiliary of Government.—Pomp and Parade Affected by Lord Botetourt.—Conciliatory Tone Adopted by the Governor in His Opening Message.—The Virginia Resolutions.—The Governor Dissolves the Assembly.—The Example of Virginia Is Followed by All the Southern Colonies.—A Minority Opposed to These Proceedings.—The Lottery Tickets.—The Pride of the Government Forbids Concession.—The Government Finally Yields.—The Colonists Far from Being Satisfied with This Declaration

CHAPTER VII: The Boston Massacre

A Misnomer.—Scene of the Massacre.—Great Increase of Hostile Feeling between the Citizens and the Soldiers.—Collisions between the Soldiers and Citizens in New York.—Tidings of These Occurrences in Boston.—Hostile Feelings toward the Friends and Partisans of the Government.—Commencement of the Difficulty Which Led to the Massacre.—Excitement on Saturday.—Attitude of the Colonial and Military Authorities.—Deliberate Arrangements Made by the Soldiers.—Examples of the Warnings Given.—Great Excitement on Monday Evening.—The Sentinels.—Murray’s Barracks.—Message from King Street.—The Sentinel Sends for Help.—A Corporal and a File of Men.—The Cry of Fire.—The Firing of the Military on the Crowd.—The People of the Custom-House Implicated.—The Result of the Trials.—Scene in the Street after the Firing.—Proceedings during the Night.—Proceedings on the Following Morning.—Meeting of the Governor and Council.—Meeting of Citizens in Faneuil Hall.—Conference with the Governor.—Report of the Committee.—The Demand upon the Governor Renewed

CHAPTER VIII: Popular Outbreaks

Long Protraction of the Preliminary Contest.—Excitement in England Produced by the Boston Massacre.—Resolutions Offered in the House of Commons.—The Ministry Will Not Yield.—Rigorous Measures Adopted.—The North Carolina Regulators.—The Party of the Regulators Increased and Strengthened.—Few—The Leader of the Regulators.—Defeat of the Regulators.—The Sloop Liberty.—Resentment of the People.—The Affair of the Gaspee.—Ineffectual Attempts to Procure Redress.—The Gaspee Runs Aground.—John Brown.—Preparations for an Attack on the Gaspee.—Account Given by One of the Participants in the Affair.—Great Excitement Produced by the Affair.—Royal Commission Appointed.—Aaron Briggs.—Abraham Whipple.—The Boston Tea Party.—Ingenious Contrivance of the British Government for Inducing the Colonies to Submit to be Taxed.—The Plan Does not Succeed.—Another Very Ingenious Scheme Adopted.—Disposition Made of the Tea Sent to the More Southern Ports.—The Boston Consignees Called upon to Resign.—The Meeting at the Liberty Tree.—Subsequent Proceedings.—Town Meeting Called.—Increase of Excitement.—Evening Party at the House of a Consignee.—Flight of the Consignees from the Town.—Arrival of the First Cargo of Tea.—Public Meeting on Monday.—Meeting on Tuesday.—Proclamation from the Governor.—Definite Measures Adopted.—A Fortnight of Suspense and Negotiation.—Difficulties and Complications of the Affair.—Final Effort to Procure a Clearance for the Ship.—Mass-Meeting on the Last Day.—The Afternoon Meeting.—Governor Hutchinson.—The Meeting in the Evening.—Sudden Breaking up of the Meeting.—Destruction of the Tea

CHAPTER IX: The Boston Port Bill

Excitement in England.—The Port Bill.—Period during Which the Harbor of Boston Was to Remain Closed.—Other Measures Adopted for Bringing the Colony under Control.—Remodeling of the Provincial Government.—Provision for Conveying Accused Persons out of the Colony for Trial.—Effect of the Announcement of These Measures in America.—Appointment of a New Governor.—Reception of Governor Gage in Boston.—Arrival of the Intelligence of the Passage of the Port Bill.—Effect of the Intelligence upon the Country at Large.—Arrival of the Fatal Day.—Sympathy of Other Colonies with Massachusetts.—Material Aid for the People of Boston.—Magnanimous Conduct of Salem and Marblehead.—Organization of a Continental Congress

CHAPTER X: War

Preparations.—Open Rupture between Governor Gage and the Massachusetts Legislature.—Vigorous Measures.—Adopted by the Provincial Congress.—Attempts on Both Sides to Secure Arms and Ammunition.—Affair of the Drawbridge at Salem.—A Force Sent by Water.—Preparations for Opposing Their Progress.—A Compromise.—The Battle of Lexington.—The Secret Discovered.—The Result.—The Troops Greatly Harassed on Their Return.—The Result

About the author: Jacob Abbott (1803–1879) was a native of the state of Maine who was a professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, a minister, and founder of two schools (the Mount Vernon School for Young Ladies in Boston and the Mount Vernon School for Boys, in New York City). He wrote more than 180 books and became famous for his easy-to-read style of historical storytelling, stripped of the dry dustiness which characterized other texts.

173 pages. Paperback.

The American History Series by Jacob Abbott:

Volume I: Aboriginal America

Volume II: Discovery of America

Volume III: The Southern Colonies

Volume IV: The Northern Colonies

Volume V: Wars of the Colonies

Volume VI: Revolt of the Colonies

Volume VII: War of the Revolution

Volume VIII: George Washington

American History: Volume VIII—Washington

Part eight of an eight part series on the history of America from its earliest times through to the age of George Washington, told by master storyteller Jacob Abbott. In this ultimate volume, Abbott tells the story of the life of George Washington, the military leader of the American Revolution, and the first president of the nation he led to victory against the British Empire.

This is no dry autobiography—it is an action-packed insider view of the American Revolution, and the creation of the United States. It tells of Washington’s early life, his family background, his early military career, and his first retirement and farming activities at Mount Vernon. This period also includes many little-known personal details, drawn together using Abbott’s famous original research methodology.

Washington’s recall to public service by the Continental Congress to lead the revolution, his victory, election as first president, policies, and the creation of the branches of government, are then recounted, providing once more many fascinating details and revelations on how the great issues of the day were addressed—which still have ramifications to the present day.

On the nature of the greatness of Washington:

“Washington was, as it were, the first of a new class of great men, such as the world before his day had scarcely known—that is, of men who acquire renown not by imposing their ideas and enforcing their will upon their countrymen, but by embodying and carrying into effect the ideas and determinations which their countrymen had previously formed.

“Washington did not originate the idea of the independence of America, as perhaps Julius Cæsar did that of the universal empire which he founded.

“The conception of American independence and nationality was gradually developed in the public opinion of a widely extended, intelligent, and well informed community.

“Washington was called upon to give effect to the will of this community, and for this purpose vast powers were put into his hands. When the work was accomplished he resigned the power, and returned to his retirement, leaving to that great community itself the entire responsibility of future action.”

Contents

CHAPTER I: Early Days

The Five Periods of Washington’s Life.—Birthplace of Washington.—The Mother of Washington.—His School.—Washington’s Brother Lawrence.—The Estate at Mount Vernon.—The Fairfax Family.—Washington’s Connection with the Fairfax Family.—General Geographical Features of Virginia.—The Lands of Lord Fairfax.—Organization of an Exploring and Surveying Party.—The Surveying Party.—Description of the Map.—Various Adventures.—Mode of Living.—Greenway Court

CHAPTER II: The Valley of the Ohio

Situation of the Valley.—Value of This Western Territory.—Conflicting Claims of the French and of the English to the Possession of the Valley.—Merits of the Question.—Rights of the Indians.—Advantageous Position of the French in Entering into the Contest.—Disadvantages of the English Situation.—Formation of the Ohio Company.—Employment of Washington by the Ohio Company.—Appointment of George Washington to a Military Command.—His Military Studies.—Death of Lawrence Washington.—Mount Vernon.—Preparations for War.—Reluctance of the People of the Colony to Undertake the War.—The Cooperation of the Other Atlantic Colonies Obtained.—Interference of Jurisdiction and Authority during the War.—Difficulties of Being at the Same Time Many and One.—General Course and Result of the War.—The Part Performed by Washington.—Nature of His Services.—Occasion of the First Battle and Victory.—Advance to the Attack.—Return of Washington to Private Life

CHAPTER III: Life at Mount Vernon

The Young Widow.—Crossing the Ferry.—Mrs. Custis.—The Acquaintance Agreeable.—The White House.—Washington Elected a Member of the Legislature.—Washington’s Aversion to Public Speaking and to Occasions of Parade and Display.—The Marriage.—Establishment at Mount Vernon.—Plantation Life.—System of Commercial Exchange.—Practical Inconveniences of the System.—Specimens of the Correspondence.—The Estate at Mount Vernon.—Horses and Carriages.—Dogs and Hunting.—Fishing.—Busy Life.—Daily Routine at Mount Vernon.—Visits and Company.—Belvoir.—Visits to Annapolis.—Public Duties.—Plan for Reclaiming the Dismal Swamp.—Exploration of the Swamp.—Expedition to the Valley of the Ohio.—Adventures in the Valley.—Voyage down the River.—Danger.—Duration of the Period of Quiet Life at Mount Vernon.—Movements that Preceded the Revolution.—Meeting of the First Continental Congress.—Appointment of Commander-in-Chief.—Farewell to Mount Vernon

CHAPTER IV: The Revolution

Qualities Necessary in a Commander-in-Chief.—Incipient Difficulties.—Conflicts of Authority.—Mrs. Washington’s Visit.—Mount Vernon in Danger.—Arrival of Mrs. Washington at Cambridge.—Influence of Mrs. Washington in Camp.—Calls for Help and Protection from the Coast.—Insubordination and Unmanageableness of the Men.—No Ammunition.—Necessity of Remedying These Evils without Making Them Known.—Washington Almost in Despair.—Discontent and Dissatisfaction of the People.—Final Triumph of the Army before Boston.—The Contest for the Possession of New York.—Washington Is Overpowered by the Difficulties of His Situation.—A Party Beginning to be Formed against Him.—The People not to be too Severely Censured for Their Doubts And Misgivings.—The Character of Washington Retrieved.—Character and Motives of Washington’s Enemies.—The Third Dark Period of the Revolution.—The Opposition Revived.—Such an Opposition Unavoidable.—Measures Resorted to by the Party Opposed to Washington.—General Gates.—General Conway.—End of General Conway.—Conway’s Letter

CHAPTER V: Negotiations for Peace

Chronology.—Complicated Nature of the Negotiations.—Implication of Other Governments in the Quarrel.—The Case of Holland.—Henry Laurens.—Capture of Laurens.—He Remains Faithful and Firm.—The Capture of the Papers Leads to War between England and Holland.—Various Complications.—Party Conflicts in Congress in Respect to the Appointment of Commissioners.—The Commissioners.—Benjamin Franklin.—Complications and Difficulties on the British Side.—The Question in Parliament.—Effect of the Surrender of Cornwallis.—An Alternative Still Presented.—Attempt to Separate America from France.—Attempt to Negotiate with Washington and Congress.—The Three Essentials.—Technicalities and Points of Etiquette.—True Character of the French Intervention.—Interference of French and American .—Interests in the Question of Peace.—The Western Boundary.—The Fisheries.—Diplomacy.—Claims of Compensation for the American Loyalists.—Terms of the Treaty Finally Agreed Upon.—Long Protraction of the Negotiations.—Final Withdrawal of the British Army

CHAPTER VI: The Disbanding of the Army

Resignation of Washington.—The Nature of the Greatness of Washington.—Assumptions of Other Founders of Empire.—The Soldiers.—The Revolt in 1781.—Causes of the Revolt.—Why Congress Could not Act Effectually.—The Crisis.—Danger and Difficulty of the Situation.—Washington’s Danger.—Endeavor of the British to Take Advantage of the Difficulty.—Measures Adopted by Washington.—The Mutineers Come to a Stand at Princeton.—Opening of the Conferences.—Delegation from Congress.—The Emissaries from the British Army.—President Reed and the Delegation.—The Conference.—The British Agents.—Rewards Offered for the Apprehension of the Spies.—Just Estimation of the Conduct of the Mutineers.—General Discontent of the Army toward the Close of the War.—General Washington’s Remonstrances.—Some Small Excuse for the Injustice.—The Proper Remedy.—Special Exertions Made by Washington to Avert the Danger.—Furloughs.—Threatened Conspiracy among the Troops.—Anonymous Addresses Circulated in Camp.—Conduct of Washington in the Emergency.—Washington’s Farewell to the Army.—Washington’s Parting with His Officers.—Settlement of the Accounts.—Final Resignation.—The Ceremony.—Return to Mount Vernon

CHAPTER VII: The Confederation

Three Successive Forms of Combination Adopted by the States.—Essential Difference in the Nature of These Systems.—Nature of a Confederation.—The Union.—Duration of the Continental Congress.—First Movement in Favor of a Confederation.—Debates on the Subject in the Continental Congress.—Articles of Confederation Adopted and Proposed to the States.—Provisions of the Proposed Confederation.—Majority Required.—The States Equal under the Confederation.—No Executive Department.—Common Citizenship.—Restrictions on Separate State Sovereignty.—Provision for the Settlement of Questions of Controversy Arising between One State and Another.—The Articles of Confederation Adopted by Congress and Transmitted to the States.—Little Advantage Gained.—Influence of Peace and War in Respect to the Operation of the American System of Government.—Termination of the Revolutionary War.—Resignation of the Secretary of the Treasury.—The Army.—State of Completely Suspended Animation Reached at Last.—Subjects Demanding Attention from the General Government during These Times.—General Conviction of the Necessity that a Stronger Government Should be Established.—Shay’s Insurrection.—The General Government Powerless.—The Insurrection Subdued.—All Confidence in the Confederate Government Finally Lost

CHAPTER VIII: The Union

Origin of the Convention.—Difficulties in the Way.—Great Importance Attached to the Idea of State Sovereignty.—General Character of the Convention.—Injunction of Secrecy.—Jealousy of State Rights and State Sovereignty.—Political Conservatism.—The Question of Aristocracy and Democracy.—Diversities of Opinion in Respect to Details.—Parties.—The Large and Small States.—Free and Slave States.—Navigation Laws.—Wise Counsels Prevail in the End.—The Two Compromises.—General Features of the System that was Adopted.—Surrender of Power by the States.—The Judicial Department.—The Plan Submitted to the Confederate Congress.—The Ratification.—Election of President

CHAPTER IX: Inauguration of the Government

Departure of Washington from Mount Vernon.—Escort of Neighbors and Friends.—Washington’s Reply.—Progress of the Journey.—Universal Enthusiasm.—Celebration at the Bridge at Trenton.—Arrival at New York.—Entrance into New York.—The Barges.—The Landing.—The Procession to the Governor’s.—The Inauguration.—Administration of the Oath.—Rejoicings.—Concluding Ceremonies.—Influential Men Associated with Washington in the Government.—John Adams.—Alexander Hamilton.—The Federalist.—Hamilton’s Public Career.—His Untimely End.—The Fundamental Question of Politics.—Opinions of Adams and Hamilton.—A Monarchy Impossible.—Opinions of Jefferson and Madison.—Equal Political Rights for All Men the Only Safe Policy of Government.—The Only Just as Well as the Only Safe Policy.—The Right of Suffrage the Safeguard of the Poor.—Position of Jefferson in Washington’s Government.—James Madison.—Incipient Divergency of Political Opinion.—The First Test Question.—Adams’s Opinion.—Hamilton.—Jefferson.—Gradual Formation of the Great Federal and Democratic Parties

CHAPTER X: Working of the System

Soon Put to the Test.—The Anglo-Saxon Principle of Government.—This Principle Acknowledged and Acted upon by the English People.—Different Modes of Ascertaining the National Will.—The Consent of the Governed.—Examples in Point.—The General Government of the United States.—The General and the Local Interests Requiring a Different Provision.—Fundamental Idea of the General Government.—Question of the Seat of Government.—The City of Washington.—Transfer of the Government to Washington.

Jacob Abbott (1803–1879) was a native of the state of Maine who was a professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, a minister, and founder of two schools (the Mount Vernon School for Young Ladies in Boston and the Mount Vernon School for Boys, in New York City). He wrote more than 180 books and became famous for his easy-to-read style of historical storytelling, stripped of the dry dustiness which characterized other texts.

175 pages. Paperback.

The American History Series by Jacob Abbott:

Volume I: Aboriginal America

Volume II: Discovery of America

Volume III: The Southern Colonies

Volume IV: The Northern Colonies

Volume V: Wars of the Colonies

Volume VI: Revolt of the Colonies

Volume VII: War of the Revolution

Volume VIII: Washington

American History: Volume VII—War of the Revolution

Part seven of an eight part series on the history of America from its earliest times through to the age of George Washington, told by master storyteller Jacob Abbott. Abbott recounts in gripping style not merely the main facts of the American Revolution, but also fascinating personal details, and little-known twists and turns of this tumultuous, world history-changing event.

Read in detail the course of events, starting with the First Continental Congress, the opening shots at the battles of Lexington and Concord, the early British successes, the imported Hessian mercenaries, the daring bravado of General George Washington, and the great battles of the war, ending with the surrender of Cornwallis and the treaty of peace.

“The new ministry immediately took measures for negotiating a treaty of peace, and the news was received in the American camps by the war-worn and exhausted soldiers, and among all the towns and villages throughout the country, by the whole population, with unbounded joy.

“The people had indeed great occasion to rejoice, for the means and resources of the government for carrying on the war, and even for keeping their armies in the field, were almost entirely gone, and the soldiers in all the camps were reduced nearly to the last stages of destitution and suffering. Still, if the end had not been thus received, the country would have aroused itself to new efforts and continued the struggle.”

Contents

CHAPTER I: The Continental Congress

Virginia and Massachusetts.—Difficulties in the Way of Forming Any Union of the Colonies.—Liability to a Charge of Treason.—Appointment of Committees of Correspondence.—Organization of the Continental Congress.—Professed Object of the Proposed Congress.—Appointment of Delegates to the Congress by the Other Provinces.—Place of Meeting of the First Congress.—First Meeting of the Members.—Organization of the Congress.—Closed Doors.—Solemnity of the Scene at the Opening of the Session.—Patrick Henry.—Principle of Representation Adopted.—Question of Opening the Session with Prayer.—The First Prayer in Congress.—Difference of Opinion among the Members in Respect to the Course to be Pursued.—Final Decision of the Congress.—An Appeal to Arms Conditionally Recommended.—Dissolution of Congress.—Immediate Results of the Action of the First Congress.—The Continental Congress.—Parliament Refuses to Receive the Memorial Addressed to It by Congress

CHAPTER II: Expulsion of the British from Boston

The Fall and Winter of 1775.—The Battle of Lexington.—Boston Besieged.—Gradual Organization of the American Army.—State of Things within the Town.—The Compromise.—The Tories.—Ticonderoga and Crown Point.—Secret Expeditions Fitted Out.—Capture of Ticonderoga.—Other Successes on the Lake.—Benedict Arnold.—Meeting of the Second Continental Congress.—Final Appeal to the Government and to the People of England.—Arrangement in Respect to Funds.—Organization of the Army.—Appointment of a Commander-In-Chief.—The Battle of Bunker Hill.—Organization of the Expedition.—The March.—Bunker Hill.—Work during the Night.—The Alarm.—An Assault by Infantry Resolved Upon.—Preparations for the Contest.—The Battle.—The Spectacle.—The Victory.—Long Continuance of the Siege of Boston.—Condition of the American Army.—The Heights of Dorchester.—The Occupation of the Heights Accomplished.—Alarm of General Howe.—Failure of the Attempt to Dislodge the Americans.—The Evacuation of the Town

CHAPTER III: The Declaration of Independence

Progress of Public Opinion.—Lord Dunmore and Virginia.—Result of the Seizure.—Rapid Progress of the Quarrel.—Ravages of Governor Dunmore on the Virginia Coast.—Ravages of the English Ships in Narragansett Bay.—Barbarity of This Mode of Warfare.—Invasion of Canada.—Benedict Arnold.—Progress of the Expedition.—Difficulties and Hardships Encountered by the Expedition.—Final Failure of the Expedition.—Reassembling of the Continental Congress.—Course of the Discussion.—The Declaration.—Nature of the Corrections Made.—Expected Announcement of the Declaration of Independence.—The Liberty Bell.—The Proclamation Made

CHAPTER IV: The Contest at New York

Governor Tryon.—State of Opinion in New York.—Uprising of the People.—King Sears.—Removal of the Cannon from the Battery.—Flight of the Governor.—The Town Occupied by American Troops.—Lord Stirling.—The Americans Fortify the Approaches to New York.—Arrival of General Washington.—Plans and Arrangements of Sir William Howe.—Difficulties of the British Government.—The Hessians.—Excitement Produced in and around the City.—The Mass of the Population Stand Firm.—All Tokens and Symbols of British Authority Removed.—The Leaden Statue of King George.—First Movement of the Ships.—Advance of the Troops upon New York.—Scene at the Landing.—Preparations for the Combat.—Defeat of the American Army.—The Great Fog.—Council of War.—Retreat of the Army across the River.—Fruitless Pursuit of the British.—Advance of the British Men-of-War.—Attempt at Negotiation.—Difficulties and Discouragements.—The British Take Possession of New York

CHAPTER V: Campaign in the Jerseys

The Two Jerseys.—The Environs of New York.—Position of the American Army.—First Movement of General Howe.—Counteractive Movements of Washington.—The Battle of White Plains.—General Howe Returns to the Southward.—Retreat of Washington across the Hudson.—Capture of Fort Washington.—Extremely Discouraging Prospect for the American Cause.—The People Becoming Discouraged.—Lord Cornwallis.—Capture of Fort Lee.—Retreat across the Jerseys.—Measures for Recruiting the Army.—Situation of the British Army.—A Christmas Surprise.—The Crossing.—Almost a Discovery.—The Surprise.—Return of the Force across the River.—Effect of This Victory upon the Country.—The Battle of Princeton.—Moderation in Victory.—An Unexpected Supply of Warm Clothing.—Encampment at Morristown.—Increase of Public Confidence in Washington.—The Malcontents

CHAPTER VI: The Expedition of Burgoyne

The Avenue to Canada.—General Burgoyne.—The Rendezvous.—Indian Allies.—A Proclamation.—Excitement and Alarm among the Americans.—Capture of the Lake Champlain Forts.—Pursuit of the Americans.—Continued Retreat of the Americans.—Excitement in Congress and throughout the Country.—Brief Occupation of Fort Edward.—Expedition into Vermont.—Preparations in Vermont and New Hampshire.—Conflict between the Congressional and State Authority.—The Battle of Bennington.—Change in the Fortune of War.—Fort Schuyler.—Summons to Surrender.—Messengers Sent to General Schuyler.—Arnold’s Ruse.—Hon-Yost.—General Burgoyne’s Difficulties Become Serious.—Jenny M’Crea.—The Capture.—Account Given by the Indians.—Effects Produced by the Death of Poor Jenny

CHAPTER VII: The Surrender of Burgoyne

The Crisis Approaching.—The Battle of Bemis’s Heights.—Battle of Stillwater.—Death and Burial of General Fraser.—Lady Harriet Ackland.—The Capture of Major Ackland.—General Burgoyne’s Letter to General Gates.—Down the River in a Boat.—Baroness Riedesel.—Hardships and Sufferings of the Baroness.—The Baroness Riedesel’s Journey.—Burgoyne’s Last Council of War.—The Surrender.—March of the Captured Troops to Boston.—Sequel of the Story of Lady Ackland.—Effect of the Surrender of Burgoyne.—Recognition of American Independence by France

CHAPTER VIII: Occupation of Philadelphia

A Serious Reverse.—Expedition Sent to Philadelphia.—Landing of the Expedition.—The Proclamation.—Advance of Washington.—The Battle of Brandywine.—The Battle of Germantown.—The Delaware Forts.—The First Attacks Repulsed.—Final Reduction of the Forts.—Withdrawal of the American Army.—Destitute Condition of the Troops.—The Darkest Period of the Revolution.—The Encampment at Valley Forge.—Alarm of the English Government.—Too Late.—Evacuation of Philadelphia.—The Battle of Monmouth.—Re-Possession of Philadelphia.—Arnold a Bad Boy.—Arnold a Good Soldier.—His Marriage.—Arnold’s Pecuniary Difficulties.—His Final Plan.—The Negotiation.—The Meeting.—Andre Becomes a Spy.—Conclusion of the Story.—Execution of Major Andre.—Arnold

CHAPTER IX: The War at the South

Return from a Digression.—General Condition of the Southern Country.—Charleston and Savannah.—Expedition of 1778.—Preparations of the Americans.—Excitement in Savannah.—The Opposing Forces Confront Each Other.—A Stratagem.—The Capture of Savannah.—Retreat of the American Army.—The State Entirely Subdued.—Attack upon Charleston Repulsed.—A New and Grand Expedition Organized.—Stormy Passage of the Fleet.—Slow Advance of the Army.—Embarrassment Occasioned by the Slaves.—The Siege.—The Terms Offered.—The Bombardment.—The Surrender.—Complete Subjugation of the Southern Provinces

CHAPTER X: Peace

The French Alliance.—Difficulties.—Lafayette.—Advance of Lord Cornwallis.—The Position.—Washington.—Difficulties.—Maneuvering of the Fleets.—The Siege.—The Surrender.—Consequences of the Surrender of Cornwallis.—Peace

173 pages. Paperback.

The American History Series by Jacob Abbott:

Volume I: Aboriginal America

Volume II: Discovery of America

Volume III: The Southern Colonies

Volume IV: The Northern Colonies

Volume V: Wars of the Colonies

Volume VI: Revolt of the Colonies

Volume VII: War of the Revolution

Volume VIII: George Washington

History of Hernando Cortez

By John S. C. Abbott. A masterful retelling of the incredible story of the conquest of the Aztec Empire by a handful of Spaniard Conquistadors, assisted by their far more numerous Indian allies, under the leadership of Hernando Cortez.

Starting with Cortez’s family background, master storyteller John Abbott sketches the path of the young adventurer—sparing no details of the less pleasant aspects of his personality—to the time of his landing at Hispaniola (present-day Cuba) in the New World in 1518.

From there, the adventure really begins, when he is appointed captain of an expedition to the mainland, his continual clashes with the Spanish colonial authorities notwithstanding. His expedition, which set off against the direct orders of the authorities, landed on the coast of present-day Mexico, and, after skillfully—but often deceptively—allying himself with the local Indian tribes who had suffered grievously under the murderous and cannibalistic reign of terror instituted by the Aztecs, he then marched on the great city of Tenochtitlan, center of the Aztec Empire.

What makes the telling of this story more valuable than most is the author’s ability to continually posit the actions of Spaniards, Aztecs and local Indian tribes into the moral and practical conditions of the time—which, as the writer points out, are quite different to those of today.

The astonishing tale includes accounts of the brutal behavior of the Conquistadors, the shocking bloodlust of the Aztecs, the cannibalism of Cortez’s Indian allies, and the advanced technological level of Aztec society.

The final battle—and the resultant destruction of Tenochtitlan (and its conversion into present-day Mexico City) was not however the grand finale to Cortez’s adventures.

His triumphant return to Spain, his falling out with the queen of that nation, his return to the New World, and his death are all covered in this highly readable and satisfying biography.

Contents

Preface

Chapter I: The Discovery of Mexico

Chapter II: Early Life of Cortez

Chapter III: The Voyage to Mexico

Chapter IV: Founding a Colony

Chapter V: The Tlascalans Subjugated

Chapter VI: The March to Mexico

Chapter VII: The Metropolis Invaded

Chapter VIII: Battle of the Dismal Night

Chapter IX: The Capital Besieged and Captured

Chapter X: The Conquest Consummated

Chapter XI: The Expedition to Honduras

Chapter XII: The Last Days of Cortez

About the author: John S. C. Abbott (1805–1877) was an American historian, pastor, and writer. He and his brother, Jacob, were some of the most prolific popular history writers of their era, and together produced dozens of works for their New York City based Abbott’s Institute of Historical Biographies. Although trained as a theologian, John’s success as a writer—which closely matched that of his brother—meant that he devoted most of his life to the written word.

171 pages. Paperback.

American History: Volume V—Wars of the Colonies

By Jacob Abbott. Part five of an eight part series on the history of America from its earliest times through to the age of George Washington, told by master storyteller Jacob Abbott. Starting with a brief recapitulation of the establishment of the thirteen colonies along the Atlantic seaboard of North America, this volume then details the interactions—in war and peace—of the early European settlers with the Indians and with each other.

The major early Indian wars—with the Pequot and King Philip—are discussed in little-known but fascinating detail. Included are many action-packed anecdotes of life on the frontier, the hardships of pioneer life—and duplicity and strife between Indian and European.

Read also of the clashes between the English and the French in Canada and in the interior, and the effect of the War of the Spanish Succession in North America.

“The French and the English seem determined to hate each other everywhere and at all times, and the hardships and sufferings which these different representatives of a common civilization endured, and which we might have supposed would have formed a bond of interest and sympathy to link them indissolubly together, in reality seemed to have no such effect. The dividing zone of mutual repulsion and animosity, which has for so many centuries extended along the Straits of Dover and the English Channel, now crossed the Atlantic, and spread itself along the line of the Lakes and of the Mississippi, forming an unbroken wall of aversion and hate, for a distance of two thousand miles.”

After many bloodcurdling clashes involving Indians, Europeans, and varying alliances on both sides of the racial divide, the build-up to, and the progress of, the French and Indian War is discussed.

The British conquest of Canada from the French is then dealt with, ending with the deaths of both French and English commanding generals at the battle for Quebec.

Finally the war with the famous Indian chief Pontiac is reviewed, along with dramatic events such as the Deerfield Massacre and the cunning strategies employed by Pontiac to exact many victories over the Europeans until his final—and inevitable—defeat.

Contents

CHAPTER I: The Thirteen Colonies

Subject of the Volume.—Number of the Colonies.—Recapitulation.—Virginia, 1607.—New York, 1614.—Massachusetts, 1620.—New Hampshire, 1623.—New Jersey, 1624.—Delaware, 1627.—Maryland, 1633.—Connecticut, 1635.—Rhode Island, 1635.—North Carolina, 1650.—South Carolina, 1670.—Pennsylvania, 1682.—Georgia, 1733.—The Three Forms of Colonial Government.—The Charter Colonies.—The Royal Colonies.—The Proprietary Colonies

CHAPTER II: The Pequot War

The Connecticut Indians.—The Narragansetts.—The Pequots.—English Settlements.—The Pequot Country.—Origin of the Quarrel with the Pequots.—Case of Captain Stone and His Party.—The Indian Account of the Affair.—Treaty Made.—Wampum.—Cunning of the Narragansetts.—New Difficulties.—The Oldham Affair.—Demands of Satisfaction.—Expedition of Captain Endicott.—Captain Endicott at Block Island.—The Expedition Touches at the Fort at Saybrook.—The Expedition in the Thames.—A Parley.—Landing of the English.—The Pequots Effectually Aroused.—Desperate Hostilities of the Pequots.—Condition of the Settlements up the River.—Appeal to the Government of Massachusetts

CHAPTER III: End of the Pequot War

Preparations for the Final Struggle.—Indian Auxiliaries.—The Commander.—The Rendezvous.—The Voyage.—Arrival of the Expedition at Fort Saybrook.—The Indians Put to the Test.—The Prisoner Kiswas.—Dreadful Fate of Kiswas.—Rescue of the Two Captive Girls.—Manner in Which the Rescue was Effected.—The Girls’ Account of Their Adventures.—Subsequent Adventures of the Two Girls.—Consultations in Respect to the Plans of the Campaign.—The Prayers of the Chaplain.—The Expedition Sets Sail.—Canonicus and the Narragansetts.—News from the Massachusetts Division.—The Expedition Moves On.—Fort Nehantic.—The March Continued.—Passing the Pequot Frontier.—The Halt at Porter’s Rocks.—The Night in Camp.—Advance of the Attack.—The Attack.—Condition of the English Troops after the Battle.—The Wounded Men.—The English Regain Their Ships.—Return to Fort Saybrook.—End of the Pequots.—Sassacus

CHAPTER IV: War with King Philip

Philip’s Family and Name.—King Philip Makes Professions of Friendship.—Ten Years of Peace.—Signs of a Gathering Storm.—Frivolous Complaints of the Plymouth Authorities.—General Relations of the Indian and English Settlements.—John Sassamon.—Indian Interpreters.—Mt. Hope.—Sassamon’s Warning.—The Fate of Sassamon.—Arrest of the Supposed Murderers.—The Indictment.—Result of the Trial.—The Outbreak.—Incidents of the War.—The Fortune of War is against the Indians.—The Great Swamp Fight at South Kingston.—The Summer of 1676.—Philip is Betrayed.—Philip’s Last Hiding Place.—The Death of Philip.—Contemporaneous Account of the Transaction.—Trophies of the Fight.—Dreadful Character of the War

CHAPTER V: The Lakes and the Mississippi

French Settlements in Canada.—Face of the Country on the Northern Frontier.—Rapid Advance of the French Settlements.—Friendly Intercourse with the Indians.—The Missions.—Samuel Champlain.—Progress of the French Settlements toward the West.—The Fur Trade.—Reports about the Great River.—The Governor Plans an Expedition.—Sailing of the Expedition.—Father Marquette’s Account of His Adventures.—The Wild Oats.—Discouragements.—Farther Progress of the Expedition.—Crossing the Portage.—Voyage on the Wisconsin.—Discovery of the Mississippi.—Progress down the River.—An Indian Village.—Friendly Relations Established with the Indians.—Reception by the Sachem.—Farther Progress of the Expedition.—Return of the Expedition.—Father Marquette Receives His Reward

CHAPTER VI: King William’s War

Growth and Extension of the French Settlements.—Permanent Condition of Hostility.—King William’s War.—Plans of the Campaign on the Part of the French.—Proposed Attack upon New York.—Failure of the Plan.—The expedition against Schenectady.—Surprise and Massacre of the Inhabitants.—Final Result of the Expedition.—Other Expeditions.—Effects of These Expeditions on the Indians.—Excitement in the English Colonies.—Plans of the Campaign.—Preliminary Expeditions.—Treachery of Major Waldron.—The Indians’ Plan for Revenge.—Success of the Plot.—Indian Ideas of Executing Justice on a Criminal.—The Race not Always to the Swift, nor the Battle to the Strong.—Advance of the Land Expedition.—Disastrous Termination of the Expedition.—Relief for the Canadian Governor.—Situation of Quebec.—Preparations for Defense.—The Town Summoned to Surrender.—Reply to the Summons.—The French Open Fire.—The Attack upon the Town.—Failure of the Plan.—Disasters Attending the Return of the Fleet.—End of the War

CHAPTER VII: Queen Anne’s War

Entanglement of the Colonies in European Politics.—The Accession of Queen Anne.—The Spanish Succession.—Offered Truce.—The Deerfield Expedition.—The Massacre.—Sequel of the Story.—Attack upon Haverhill.—The Assault.—Narrow Escapes.—Kindness to a Captive Girl.—Acadia.—Preparations for a New Invasion of Canada.—The Naval Force.—The Land Force.—Departure of the Expedition.—Preparations Made in Canada.—Confidence of the English Commander.—Disaster.—Total Failure of the Expedition.—End of the War

CHAPTER VIII: George Washington

Third French War.—The Final Struggle.—Washington.—Origin of the Quarrel.—Negotiations.—Washington Sent on an Embassage.—Transactions at the Fort.—The Return of Washington’s Party.—Division of the Party.—Return to Virginia.—Crossing the Allegheny.—Safe Arrival at Last.—Difficulties and Delays.—Firm Attempts to Take Possession of the Country.—Fort Duquesne.—General Braddock.—Arrival of the Troops.—Preparations for the Campaign.—Washington Joins the Expedition.—The First Stage of the March.—The Camp at Fort Cumberland.—The Indian Auxiliaries.—Braddock’s Unpopularity.—The March Rebuked.—Double Crossing of the River.—The Attack.—Carnage and Rout.—Retreat of the Army

CHAPTER IX: The Conquest of Canada

Slow Progress of the War.—Despondency of the Canadian Government.—The Marquis de Montcalm.—Grand Naval Expedition.—Preparations for Entering the River.—Situation of Quebec.—Advance of the Fleet.—The Proclamation.—Cannonading in the Harbor.—The French Fire-Ships.—Reconnoitering Party.—Attack at the Mouth of the Montmorency.—Sickness of General Wolfe.—Preparations for Carrying the New Plan into Effect.—The Attack.—Curious Coincidence.—Calmness and Composure of General Wolfe.—The Landing.—Advance of the French to Meet the Enemy.—The Battle.—Death of Both the Generals after the Battle.—Message from the Governor.—Proposed Capitulation.—The Ultimatum.—The Town Surrendered.—Further Continuance of the War

CHAPTER X: Pontiac

Cession of Canada to the English.—Taking Possession of the Country.—Pontiac.—First Interview with Pontiac.—Moderation of Major Rogers.—Pontiac’s Decision.—Ideas and Intentions of Pontiac.—The English Take Possession.—Pontiac Changes His Policy.—Progress of the Conspiracy.—Pretended Revelation from Heaven.—Concerted Attack upon the English Stations.—Stratagems.—The Mackinaw Game of Ball.—Design of the Indians.—Success of the Stratagem.—Detroit.—Construction of the Place.—Plan of Attack Concerted by the Indians.—Discovery of the Plot.—The Plot Defeated.—Attempts to Relieve the Garrison.—End of the War.—Conclusion

175 pages. Paperback.

The American History Series by Jacob Abbott:

Volume I: Aboriginal America

Volume II: Discovery of America

Volume III: The Southern Colonies

Volume IV: The Northern Colonies

Volume V: Wars of the Colonies

Volume VI: Revolt of the Colonies

Volume VII: War of the Revolution

Volume VIII: George Washington

American History: Volume II—Discovery of America

By Jacob Abbott. Part two of an eight part series on the history of America from its earliest times through to the age of George Washington, told by master storyteller Jacob Abbott. This volume starts with the epic voyages of the Vikings to the east coast of North America some 500 years before Christopher Columbus. The author reveals many little-known details of this adventure, and the many traces these intrepid explorers left behind.

The book then goes on to provide a full account of each of the most famous European explorers who opened up the New World: Christopher Columbus, Sebastian Cabot, Americus Vespucius, John Ponce de Leon, Narvaez, Fernando De Soto, James Cartier, and Henry Hudson.

Drawing upon original journals and accounts of eyewitnesses and sometimes sole survivors, this volume weaves a gripping story which includes accounts of the first meeting of the different races, the first use of tobacco, and much more. Read in detail of the astonishing adventures, the sometimes friendly and oftentimes bloody encounters with the Indians, and the ingenuity and daring of these early pioneers who laid the foundations for further European immigration which changed North America from untamed wilderness into what would become one of the mightiest nations in history.

Abbott deals objectively with the explorers’ treatment of the Indians, and also the behavior of the Indians toward the Europeans, revealing without prejudice the inequities perpetrated by both sides.

Running throughout this volume is the theme of the stunning European technological advantage over the Indians, and how this enabled a relatively tiny number of adventurers to overcome seemingly impossible odds to map out the territory of North America.

Contents

CHAPTER 1: GREENLAND

A Connecting Link between the Old World and the New.—The Medusae.—Neither Day nor Night.—Ice Produced upon the Land.—Formation of Icebergs.—Ice Formed upon the Sea.—Currents in the Northern Seas.—The First Recorded Migration to America.—Establishment of the Danish Colony.—Disasters.—Voyage of Lief and Biorn.—Different Opinions in Respect to These Discoveries.—The Runic Inscription

CHAPTER II: COLUMBUS

Adventurous Spirit of the Fifteenth Century.—Desire for a Passage to India by Sea.—Two Routes to Be Tried.—Prince Henry of Portugal.—Discovery of the Passage Round the Cape of Good Hope.—Ideas of Christopher Columbus.—Supposed Magnitude of the Earth.—Difficulties Encountered By Columbus.—Terms of the Covenant.—Preparations for the Voyage.—Instruments of Navigation.—Public Opinion in Respect to the Expedition.—The Day of Sailing

CHAPTER III: JOURNAL OF THE FIRST VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS

The Run to the Canary Islands.—A Month at the Canaries.—The Voyage Commenced in Earnest at Last.—Variation of the Needle.—Mid-Ocean.—False Cry of Land.—Prosperous Continuation of the Voyage.—The Mutiny.—Discovery of Land

CHAPTER IV: SEQUEL OF THE VOYAGE

Preparations for Landing.—The Ceremony of Taking Possession.—Forming Acquaintance with the Natives.—Columbus not Satisfied.—Astonishment of the Natives.—Cruise among the Islands.—Search for Spices.—Landing upon Cuba.—An Embassage Sent into the Exterior.—General Treatment of the Natives.—Kidnapping the Natives.—Visit from a Cazique.—Disasters.—Consequences of the Loss of the Sancta Maria.—Conclusion of the Voyage

CHAPTER V: DISCOVERY OF NORTH AMERICA

Sebastian Cabot.—The Cabot Family.—General Interest Awakened in Columbus’s Discoveries.—The Letters Patent.—The Old Map at Whitehall.—The Inscription on the Map.—Other Sources of Information.—The First Voyage.—The Second Voyage.—Observations on the Land.—Advance to the Northward.—Mutiny.—Return of the Expedition.—Subsequent History of Cabot.—The Voyage of the Serchthrift

CHAPTER VI: THE DISCOVERY OF FLORIDA

Universal Interest Awakened.—Americus Vespucius.—John Ponce de Leon and the Fountain of Youth.—Commencement of Hostilities with the American Indians.—The First Act of Revenge.—Narvaez.—The Landing.—Plans for Advancing into the Country.—Progress of the March.—Crossing the Suwanee River.—The Bloodhounds.—Increasing Difficulties.—Arrival at Apalache.—Narvaez Turns His Course toward the Sea.—Narvaez Discouraged.—Boat Building on the Seashore.—End of the Expedition

CHAPTER VII: FERNANDO DE SOTO

Commencement of De Soto’s Career.—Outfit of De Soto’s Expedition.—Difficulties at the Outset.—Arrival on the Coast of Florida.—De Soto Obtains an Interpreter.—The Story of Ortiz.—Preparations for the Campaign.—The Adventure of Vasco Porcallo.—Disposition of the Fleet.—Commencement of the March into the Interior.—Hardships and Difficulties of the March.—Intense Hostility of the Indians.—Progress of the Expedition.—The Captive Princess.—Tuscaloosa.—Approach to Mauvila.—Terrible Reverse at Mauvila.—Horrible Condition of the Army after the Battle.—De Soto’s Determination.—The Greatest of the Losses from the Fire

CHAPTER VIII: DISCOVERY OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER

Determination of De Soto to Proceed.—Passage of the Tuscaloosa River.—John Ortiz as an Interpreter.—De Soto Unhorsed in Battle.—The Only Woman in the Army.—Single Combat.—Language of Signs.—Arrival on the Banks of the Mississippi.—Aspect of the River.—Search for a Crossing Place.—A Fleet of Canoes.—Crossing the Mississippi.—Grand Religious Ceremony.—Incidents of the March.—De Soto Begins to be Discouraged.—Determination to Turn toward the Sea.—Sickness and Death of De Soto.—The Burial of the Body.—Condition of the Army after the Death of De Soto.—Case of a Deserter.—End of the Expedition

CHAPTER IX: THE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE

The Three Chief Rivers of North America.—James Cartier.—Sailing of the Expedition.—The Voyage.—Search for a Passage through the Land.—Intercourse with the Natives.—The Expedition Ascends the River.—Donnacona.—Accounts of Hochelaga.—Attempt to Frighten Cartier by an Apparition.—Continued Ascent of the River.—Lake St. Peter.—Approach to Hochelaga.—Visit to the Town.—First Observation of Tobacco.—Return of the Expedition down the River.—The Pestilence.—Extreme Distress and Suffering.—Stratagems against the Indians.—Return of the Expedition.—The Kidnapping of Donnacona.—Donnacona’s Cunning.—The Seizure Effected.—Distress of the People.—Provisions for Donnacona’s Voyage.—Results of Cartier’s Discoveries

CHAPTER X: THE HUDSON RIVER

Henry Hudson.—First and Second Voyages of Hudson.—The Third Voyage.—Landing in Penobscot Bay.—The Ship Blown Ashore.—The Indians.—John Coleman.—Ascent of the River.—Intercourse with the Indians.—An Indian Put to the Test.—Modesty of the Women.—Approach to the Highlands in Descending the River.—An Indian Chief.—End of the Voyage in the River.—Subsequent History of Hudson.—Henry Greene.—The Gunner’s Gray Cloth Gown.—The Captain Quarrels with Greene.—The Mutiny.—The Last That was Ever Known of Captain Hudson.—Conclusion

168 pages. Paperback.

The American History Series by Jacob Abbott:

Volume I: Aboriginal America

Volume II: Discovery of America

Volume III: The Southern Colonies

Volume IV: The Northern Colonies

Volume V: Wars of the Colonies

Volume VI: Revolt of the Colonies

Volume VII: War of the Revolution

Volume VIII: George Washington

American History: Volume IV—The Northern Colonies

By Jacob Abbott. Part four of an eight part series on the history of America from its earliest times through to the age of George Washington, told by master storyteller Jacob Abbott. This volume starts with the 1602 expedition by Bartholomew Gosnold which created the first settlement in what became Massachusetts. Facing immense difficulties, the project struggled for many years before the advent of the religious refugees known as the Puritans, who settled in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and other areas.

The importance of this migration is dwelt on at length by Abbott, who provides many hidden but fascinating details of the trials and tribulations of this highly celebrated group of settlers. The voyage of the Mayflower, the early interactions with the Indians, and the prospering of the colony are recounted in vivid detail.

Next the book moves on to discuss the Dutch founding of the settlement of New Amsterdam—and of its seizure by the English and renaming into New York. It then concludes by recounting the expansion of settlements along the Connecticut River, and the founding of the first colonies in New Haven and Rhode Island.

The overriding theme which the modern reader draws from this work is that of the incredible ingenuity and self-reliance of these early pioneers—cut off from Europe, they had to provide completely for themselves in every facet of life. The story of their survival—and eventual prosperity—is inspiring.

Contents

CHAPTER I: Gosnold

The Twenty-Second of December.—Unsettled Condition of Europe in the Sixteenth Century.—Ideas in Respect to America.—The Expedition Organized.—The Voyage.—The Land.—Visit from the Indians.—Farther Progress Westward.—Passage to the Shore.—The Reconnaissance.—The Name Cape Cod.—Cruising among the Islands.—Appearance of the Country.—Plan of the Proposed Settlement.—Site Selected.—The Work Commenced.—Excursions of Captain Gosnold.—Curiosity of the Indians .—An Alarm for the Building Party.—The Search for Food.—Difficulties.—Abandonment of the Enterprise.—Preparations for the Return to England.—Beginning of Difficulty with the Indians.—Some Advantage Gained

CHAPTER II: The Puritans

The Name Virginia.—Ownership of the Territory.—Plans of the Government.—Various Undertakings of the Two Companies.—In What Sense Pilgrims.—Correlation of Politics and Religion in Respect to Liberty.—The Puritans.—Ideas of King James.—The Conflict.—Scrooby.—The Separatists.—Persecution.—Difficulties and Discouragements.—The Trouble at Boston.—Bradford and His Books.—The Embarkation at Hull.—Detention of the Women and Children.—A Surprise.—Distress of the Men Embarked.—A Storm.—Fate of Those Left Behind.—Final Escape to Holland

CHAPTER III: The Voyage of the Mayflower

Holland.—Danger of Being Drawn into a Quarrel.—Removal to Leyden.—Residence in Leyden.—Brewster.—Danger of the Young Men.—The Resolution to Remove to America.—Application to King James.—Application to the London Company.—The Question of Funds.—A Joint Stock Company Proposed.—Terms of Subscription to the Stock Proposed by the Company.—Terms Insisted on by the Contributors.—Disappointment and Discontent of the Congregation.—The Final Decision.—The Speedwell and the Mayflower.—The Pastor’s Farewell.—The Expedition Sails.—Difficulty with the Speedwell.—The Delay at Dartmouth.—Final Failure of the Speedwell.—Explanations of the Mystery.—The Voyage.—Approaching the Land

CHAPTER IV: Landing at Plymouth

The Harbor.—Explanation of Map.—Condition of the Emigrants.—Important Measure Resolved Upon.—The First Constitution.—Landing on the Cape.—Whales.—A Reconnoitering Party.—The Shallop.—Miles Standish’s Expedition.—Departure of the Expedition.—The Second Day.—Indian Discoveries.—A Treasure Found.—The Third Day.—Expedition in the Shallop.—The Frost.—Embalmed Bodies.—Indian Houses.—Taking a Liberty.—A Debate.—Baby Born.—Sailing of the Second Expedition.—Division of the Party.—A Midnight Alarm.—An Attack by the Indians.—Difficulties and Discouragements

CHAPTER V: First Winter at Plymouth

Condition of the Settlers.—Their Resolution and Fortitude.—The Place of Settlement.—A Storm.—Preparations for Building.—Laying out the Town.—The First Sunday on Shore.—The Fort.—Signs of the Indians.—The Military Company.—Two Men Lost.—The Adventures of the Lost Men.—Alarms of Fire.—Progress of the Sickness.—Relations with the Indians.—The Visit of Samoset.—Samoset a Guest for the Night.—Visit of Massasoit.—The Treaty.—The Prospects Brighten.—Excursions during the Summer.—The Fortune.—The Indian Population.—Bad Men among the Colonists.—The Colony Established

CHAPTER VI: Massasoit and the Indians

Life in the New Settlements.—The Indians Somewhat too Friendly.—Suspicions and Fears.—The Wooden Effigies.—An Embassage Sent to Massasoit.—The Instructions.—An Indian Village.—Interview with Massasoit.—Entertainment of the Embassadors.—The Return of the Embassage.—Lost Boy.—The Billington Family.—Young John Billington’s Gunpowder Affair.—John Billington Lost.—The Bereaved Mother at Cummaquid.—Parley at Nauset.—The Lost Boy Restored.—The Billington Sea.—Friendly Relations with Massasoit.—News of Massasoit’s Sickness.—Dangerous Character of This Mission.—The Journey.—Visit to Conbatant’s Wigwam.—Arrival at Massasoit’s.—The Sachem’s Reception of His Visitors.—Mr. Winslow Delivers His Message.—Mr. Winslow’s Medical Practice.—Mr. Winslow’s Practice Is Extended.—Peace and Prosperity of the Colony

CHAPTER VII: Massachusetts Bay

The Case of Boston.—Fishing Villages.—Religious Motives.—Salem.—The Massachusetts Bay Company.—The Patent.—New Impulse Given to Colonization.—Beginning of Religious Dissension.—Argument in Favor of the Colonists.—The Argument against the Colonists.—The Result.—Transfer of the Charter and Government to America.—John Winthrop.—Articles of Consortship.—Governor Winthrop’s Family.—Winthrop’s Letter to His Wife.—His Son Left Behind.—Passing the Needles.—The Dunkirkers.—Rules and Regulations.—Way of Curing Sick Children.—End of the Voyage.—The New Government.—Spread of the Settlements

CHAPTER VIII: The Dutch on the Hudson

First Rumors of the Dutch Settlement on the Hudson.—The Correspondence.—Visit of De Razier.—Condition of the Town of Plymouth at That Time.—Fort Amsterdam.—Great Prize Captured.—The Patroons.—Failure of the Plan.—Progress of the Colony.—Seizure of the Dutch Governor in England.—Collisions in America.—Trouble with the Indians.—The Weckquaesgeck Indians.—Indian Mode of Redressing a Wrong.—The Indian Boy Performs His Duty.—War.—End of the War

CHAPTER IX: The Conquest of New Netherland

Duration of the Dutch Power.—Rise of the Puritans to Power in England.—Restoration of the Monarchy.—The Monarchy and the Colonies.—The Solicitude of the Government not without Cause.—Measures Adopted by the Government.—Suspicions and Fears of the Bostonians.—Arrival of the Commissioners.—Order of Procedure by the Commissioners.—The News Reaches New Amsterdam.—Preparations for Defense.—Cunning Maneuvering of the English.—False Security.—Arrival of the Squadron.—Feeling of the People of the Colony.—Resolute Conduct of the Governor.—Proceedings of Colonel Nicoll.—A Parley.—Reception of the Summons.—Great Excitement in the Town.—A New Communication.—Excitement among the People.—Farther Negotiations.—Advance of the Ships of War.—Consternation among the Inhabitants.—The Surrender

CHAPTER X: Growth and Extension of the Colonies

The Three Great Centers.—First Knowledge of the Connecticut River.—The Dutch on the Connecticut.—Emigration to the Connecticut from Massachusetts.—Difficulty with the English Proprietors.—Final Establishment of the Colony.—The Colony of New Haven.—Rhode Island.—An Impracticable Man.—Redeeming Traits of Roger Williams’ Character.—Sentence of Banishment.—Flight.—Final Settlement in Rhode Island.—The French in Acadia.—The Central Colonies.—Conclusion

171 pages. Paperback.

The American History Series by Jacob Abbott:

Volume I: Aboriginal America

Volume II: Discovery of America

Volume III: The Southern Colonies

Volume IV: The Northern Colonies

Volume V: Wars of the Colonies

Volume VI: Revolt of the Colonies

Volume VII: War of the Revolution

Volume VIII: George Washington

American History: Volume I—Aboriginal America

By Jacob Abbott. Part one of an eight part series on the history of America from its earliest times through to the age of George Washington, told by master storyteller Jacob Abbott.

Starting with a physical description of the geography and natural life of North America, Abbott moves on to forthrightly address the origins, customs, traditions, and lifestyle of the Indian tribes living in North America. His conclusions—once common knowledge, but now suppressed in the name of political correctness—deal with many of the critical issues which surrounded the original settling of America—and the concepts of race and racial differences.

“We are surprised sometimes, it is true, at the ingenuity which the Indians exhibited in some of their inventions, and it is, indeed, in some sense wonderful that with materials and implements so imperfect they could manufacture such efficient weapons and carry out such curious contrivances. But, after all, when we come to compare a bark canoe, perfect as it is in its way, with one of the ocean steam-ships of the Caucasian race, or the best made stone-tipped arrow ever shot at a moose or a buffalo, with the double-barreled rifled carbines carrying an explosive bullet, with which a French hunter lies in wait for an African lion, we learn the immense distance which separates the powers and attainments of the two races from each other.”

Abbott also points out the fact that archaeological excavations conducted in the nineteenth century had already conclusively proven that the Indians were not the original inhabitants of the continent, and an advanced and different people created much of what is today incorrectly regarded as Indian culture.

“There are remnants of many of the ancient tribes existing at the present day in various parts of our country, but they live by themselves, a marked and separate race, with nothing changed except the external circumstances by which they are surrounded. They live in huts still, as their ancestors did three hundred years ago. It is only the covering that is changed—the birch bark, which has failed, being replaced with canvass, or with slabs obtained from the white men. They sit upon the ground around their wigwam fire, just as of old, and are occupied in the same species of employment, only that they make baskets instead of canoes, and bows and arrows to sell us toys, or to be used by children in shooting at coppers for a prize, instead of for the service of hunters in the chase.”

“There are descendants from Indians residing in certain portions of the Southern States that have adopted a settled mode of life, and have attained to a considerable degree of refinement and civilization, but in general, even among these, the degree in which they manifest the capacities of the Caucasian race corresponds very nearly to the proportion of Caucasian blood that flows in their veins.”

Contents

CHAPTER I: Types of Life in America.

Subject of the Volume.—Origin of Vegetable and Animal Life in America.—Means of Communication with the Old World.—The Plants and Animals of America.—Generally New.—Man Admitted to be an Exception.—What Is a Species?—The Distinction of Species Very Permanent.—Evidence of Ancient Records.—Evidence of Fossil Remains.—Opinions of Naturalists and Philosophers.—Examples of Diversity.—The General Types the Same.—The Mystery General.—The Two Principal Theories.—Inquiries into This Subject Right and Proper.—The Testimony of Scripture.—Means of Transportation for Animals and Plants.—Glacial Action.—The Glacial Period of North America

CHAPTER II: Face of the Country.

The Map.—The Lake Country.—Fur-Bearing Animals.—The Indian Inhabitants.—Influence of the Moral Instincts.—The Great Central Valley.—The Soil of the Great Valley.—Formation of Islands in the River.—Swamps.—The Old Forsaken Channels.—The Mouth of the Mississippi.—The Prairies.—The Northern Atlantic Slope.—Native Animals.—Man.—The Southern Atlantic Slope.—Character of the Coast.—The Western Slope.—The Great Salt Desert.—The Deposits of Salt.—The Diggers.—Climate of the Country.—Recapitulation

CHAPTER III: Remarkable Plants

Distinction of Indigenous and Exotic.—The Cotton Plant.—Many Species.—The Sea Island Cotton.—Cotton Intended for the Clothing of Men.—Rice.—Maize.—An Indian Tradition.—The Distinction of Exogenous and Endogenous.—The Tobacco Plant.—The Habit of Using Tobacco.—Botanical Name.—The Potato.—The Magnolia.—The Mahogany Tree

CHAPTER IV: Remarkable Animals

The Beaver.—The Beaver’s Teeth.—Fame of the Beaver.—His System of Building .—The Houses.—Working Hours.—Other Fur-Bearing Animals.—Curious Phenomenon.—The Buffalo.—Animal Migration.—Swimming the Streams.—Crossing on the Ice.—Trails.—Use of the Buffalo .—The Turkey.—The Alligator.—The Eagle.—Cochineal.—The Rattlesnake and Hummingbird.—The Rattle.—The Rattlesnake More Sinned Against Than Sinning.—He Acts Always on the Defensive.—The Hummingbird.—Vibrations Producing Sound.—The Hummingbird’s Mode of Life .—Gentleness of Disposition

CHAPTER V: The Indian Races

Question of the Origin of the Different Races of Men.—Distinction of Races.—Causes of the Differences Observed.—Important Conclusion.—The Distinction of Race Fixed and Permanent.—Objection to This View.—The Weak Especially Entitled to Protection from the Strong .—Original Peopling of the Continent.—Crossing the Northern Seas.—Traveling upon the Ice.—The Pacific Islander.—Currents of the Ocean.—Antiquity of the Aboriginal Population of America.—Ancient Nations of North America.—Durability of Earthworks.—Ancient Fields.—The Copper Mines.—The Mounds of Florida.—Unquestionable Antiquity of Many of the Mounds.—Conclusion

CHAPTER VI: The Indian Family

The Institution of Marriage.—General Law of Pairing.—Application to the Case of Man.—Construction of Dwellings.—Coverings.—Interior of the Lodges.—Indian Housekeeping.—Removals.—Canoes.—Log Canoes.—Clearing Land.—Tilling the Land.—Preparing the Corn for Food.—Mode of Boiling.—Varied Occupations of the Women .—Moccasins.—Excursions of the Women.—Education of the Children.—Stories for Children.—The Child That Turned into a Wolf

CHAPTER VII: Mechanic Arts

Native Ingenuity.—Manufacture of Weapons.—Superiority of Firearms.—Curious Modes of Making Handles.—Stone-Headed Mace.—Military Ornaments.—Hunting and Fishing.—Solitary Habits of the Indian.—Summer Hunting.—Night Hunting.—Snow Shoes.—Adventures in the Woods.—Fishing.—Various Manufactures.—Painting the Face.—The Tikkinagon.—Fire.—Wampum.—Wampum Used for Records and Documents.—Treaties and Public Records .—Pictorial Writing

CHAPTER VIII: Indian Legends and Tales

Travelers among the Indians.—Origin of Man.—Old Boreas and Shingebiss.—The Story of Ampata.—Trap Set for Catching the Sun.—Hunting in Heaven.—The Story of Moowis.—Old Red Head.—How Algon Gained His Wife

CHAPTER IX: Constitution and Character of the Indian Mind

Adaptations Observed in the Forms of Animal Life.—Mental Adaptations .—Designs of Divine Providence in Respect to Man.—The Great Divisions in the Human Family.—Constitutional Diversities.—Mental and Physical Constitution of the American Aborigines.—The Taciturnity of the Indians.—Cruelty.—The Father Dying for His Son.—The Practice of Scalping.—Origin of the Practice.—Customs Connected with the Practice of Scalping.—Treatment of Women.—Polygamy.—Intellectual Superiority of the Caucasian Race.—The Two Great Means of Civilization

CHAPTER X: The Coming of the Europeans

Great Changes Produced.—Changes in Respect to Animal Life.—Changes in Respect to Plants.—Changes in the Races of Men.—The Displacement of One Race by Another not Necessarily Attended with Suffering.—Difficulties that Opposed the Amalgamation of the Two Races.—Fixedness of the Indian Tastes and Habits.—Present Condition of the Western Tribes.—The Mandan Lodges.—Different Causes for the Aversion of the Indians to Live Like the Whites.—The Kennebec Indian and His Child.—The Feeling of Repulsion That Exists between the Different Races of Man not Necessarily a Prejudice.—The Universal Brotherhood of Man

168 pages. Paperback.

The American History Series by Jacob Abbott:

Volume I: Aboriginal America

Volume II: Discovery of America

Volume III: The Southern Colonies

Volume IV: The Northern Colonies

Volume V: Wars of the Colonies

Volume VI: Revolt of the Colonies

Volume VII: War of the Revolution

Volume VIII: George Washington

American History: Volume III—The Southern Colonies

By Jacob Abbott. Part three of an eight part series on the history of America from its earliest times through to the age of George Washington, told by master storyteller Jacob Abbott. This volume starts with the very first sixteenth century colonization attempts in what is today the southern United States. It provides fascinating details of the early French settlers, who predated even the Spanish—and of how the religious strife in Europe between Catholic and Protestant, from which they had fled, followed them to the New World.

The book then moves on to describe the Spanish settlement of Florida, and then the intervention of the English settlers. Drawing upon original sources, manuscripts and diaries, Abbott weaves a gripping tale of the failure of the first English colonial attempts, including the famous “lost colony” of Roanoke, the second colony, the birth of the first European child on American shores, and of the incredible deprivations suffered by these early pioneers.

Next, Abbot describes the amazing adventures of John Smith and the settlement of Virginia, revealing the truth about the Indian Pocahontas on the way. The settlement of the Carolinas is then reviewed, including the internal tribulations which nearly wrecked the entire colonial effort, and the struggle to establish a European settlement in the face of staggering natural obstacles and hostile Indian natives.

Finally, the book discusses the creation of the colony of Georgia—first established as an anti-slavery settlement area in which Negroes were not allowed to be present. Abbott caps off this astonishing story with the sad tale of the origin of Negro slavery in the New World.

If you thought you knew the story of pre-Pilgrim American colonization, think again—this book will reveal the true history of a time period now hidden.

Contents

CHAPTER I: First Attempts at Colonization

A Century Spent in Abortive Undertakings.—Causes of These Failures.—Gaspard de Coligny.—Villegagnon’s Attempt.—John Ribault.—The First Landing.—Continuation of the Voyage.—Port Royal Entrance.—Excursions up the River.—The Two Kidnapped Indians.—Ribault’s Address to His Men.—Establishment of the First American Colony.—A Conflagration.—The First American Revolution.—Ultimate Fate of the Colony.—The Voyage Home.—Sir Martin Frobisher.—Incidents of the Second Voyage.—Kidnapping the Natives.—Frobisher’s Third Voyage.—Results Attained

CHAPTER II: The French and the Spaniards

Conflicting Claims of Europeans to the American Territory.—Laudonniere.—The Voyage of Laudonniere.—Supposed Salubrity of the Country.—Place Chosen for the New Settlement .—Foundation of the Town.—Plots and Conspiracies.—Piracy.—Condition of the Colony after the Departure of the Mutineers.—The Two Captive Spaniards.—The Captive Spaniards’ Story.—Gradual Decline of the Colony.—Murder of Peter Gamby.—Open Hostilities.—Relief.—The Spaniard Melendez.—The Founding of St. Augustine.—Danger of the French Colony

CHAPTER III: The First Colony of Roanoke

Sir Walter Raleigh.—The Reconnoitering Voyage .—Arrival of the Expedition on the Coast.—Appearance of the Country.—The First Interview with the Indians.—Visit from a Chief.—Friendly Intercourse with the Natives.—The Island of Roanoke.—Story of a Wreck.—Report of the Reconnoitering Party.—Sailing of the Colony.—Return of the Fleet.—The Stolen Cup.—Secotan.—State of the Colony after the Departure of the Fleet.—The Real Feelings of the Indians toward the Whites.—Failure of the Expected Relief from England.—No Possibility of Obtaining Food from the Indians.—Sir Francis Drake.—New Arrangements Made.—Return of the Colony to England

CHAPTER IV: The Second Colony of Roanoke

Arrival of the Expected Reinforcements.—A New Colony Sent Out.—The Voyage.—Trouble with the Master.—Arrival at the Colony.—Landing of the Colony.—Ruins of the Former Settlement.—Murder of One of the Assistants.—Communication with the Natives Reopened.—A Terrible Mistake.—Birth of the First English Child.—Prospects of the Colony.—The Governor Is Unwilling to Return.—The Governor Is Finally Persuaded to Return.—The Governor’s Passage Home.—Unsuccessful Attempts to Send .—Reinforcements.—The Governor Sails in Search of the Colony.—Arrival on the Coast.—Terrible Disaster

CHAPTER V: The Settlement of Virginia

Natural Advantages of Virginia.—Shorter Route Discovered from England to America.—Organization of a Grand Company.—Plan for the Government of the Colonies.—Sailing of the First Company.—The Great John Smith.—Difficulties on the Voyage.—Arrival of the Colony.—Selection of a Site for the Town.—Building of the Town.—Captain Smith’s Expedition up the River.—Settlement of the Quarrels.—Distress and Suffering.—A Change of Government.—An Expedition down the River.—A Meeting.—The Prospects Brighten

CHAPTER VI: Captain Smith’s Captivity

Excursion up the Chickahominy.—The Men Fall into an Ambuscade.—Smith Overtaken by His Pursuers.—Desperate Conflict .—Captain Smith a Prisoner.—March to the Indian Town.—First Attempt to Escape.—Plan Formed for an Attack upon James Town.—Letter Sent to James Town.—Powhatan.—Captain Smith at the Court of Powhatan.—Smith Saved by Pocahontas.—Captain Smith Recovers His Liberty.—Scenes of Disorder and Distress.—A Worthless Cargo

CHAPTER VII: Permanent Establishment of the Colony

First Exploration of Chesapeake Bay.—Progress of the Expedition.—Discovery of the Potomac.—Captain Smith Poisoned by a Stingray.—Varied Fortunes of the Colony.—Smith’s Efficient Government.—Lord Delaware.—An Extraordinary Emergency.—Captain Smith Disabled.—Inventory of the Colony.—The Three Commissioners.—The Wrecked Emigrants at the Bermudas.—Building of Ships.—The Colony on the Brink of Destruction.—Arrival of Lord Delaware.—The Colony Saved.—Subsequent Progress of the Colony.—Sequel of the History of Pocahontas.—Pocahontas in Captivity.—Her Marriage

CHAPTER VIII: Settlement of North Carolina

The Two Mother States.—First Expedition into North Carolina.—The Settlement of Nansemund.—Motives Which Led to These Emigrations.—Influence of the English Proprietors.—Process of Forming a New Settlement.—Religious Persecution.—The True Principles of Religious Liberty.—Journeying of an Emigrant Party.—The Portages.—Hardships to be Endured in a New Settlement.—The Cape Fear River Settlements.—Jurisdiction over the Colonists.—Grand System for an American Aristocracy.—Simple and Practical Laws Enacted by the Colony.—Origin of the New Constitution.—Provisions of the New Constitution

CHAPTER IX: Settlement of South Carolina

William Sayle.—Sayle’s First Voyage.—The Two Principal Enemies to be Feared.—Exploration of the Carolina Coast.—Arrangements for Sending out a Colony.—Changes in the Location of the Colony.—Hardships and Sufferings of the Settlers.—Agricultural Difficulties .—The Soil.—Hunting and Fishing.—The Indians.—The Grand Constitution.—Gradual Increase of the Colony.—Causes of Dissensions and Discord among the People.—Difficulties between the Colony and the Proprietors.—Governor Johnson.—The Crisis.—Quiet Determination of the People.—Announcement of the Determination of the Colony.—Negotiations.—Election of a New Governor.—The Revolution Consummated.—The Result in England

CHAPTER X: The Settlement of Georgia

General Oglethorpe.—Origin of American Slavery.—The Indians Intractable and Unmanageable as Slaves.—Introduction of Slaves from Africa.—Fugitives.—Plans of General Oglethorpe.—Charter from King George II.—Sailing of the First Party of Colonists.—Arrival of the Colony in America.—Mary Musgrave.—Establishment of the Colony.—Treaty with the Indians.—Return of Oglethorpe to England.—Conclusion

166 pages. Paperback.

The American History Series by Jacob Abbott:

Volume I: Aboriginal America

Volume II: Discovery of America

Volume III: The Southern Colonies

Volume IV: The Northern Colonies

Volume V: Wars of the Colonies

Volume VI: Revolt of the Colonies

Volume VII: War of the Revolution

Volume VIII: George Washington

The Life of Christopher Columbus

By John S. C. Abbott. This is one of the most enthralling and all-encompassing biographies ever written about Christopher Columbus, the man who changed the course of world history with his voyages over the Atlantic Ocean.

Renowned history writer John S. C. Abbott takes the reader on a no-holds-barred—and remarkably objective—ride from Columbus’s background and life, to his struggle in the courts of Portugal and Spain to gain acceptance for his radical idea of sailing west to reach the east—and the astonishing details of his four voyages to the New World and their aftermath.

Abbott spares no detail in highlighting the bravery, achievements, and staggering feats which paved the way for European colonization of the New World. But he also deals equally dispassionately with the less savory aspects which followed the Spanish settlements—such as the fact that most of Columbus’s crews were criminals recruited only with the promise of pardons, the institution of slavery, and the resultant practical extermination of the Indians on the Caribbean islands.

Throughout this breathtaking narrative, Abbott never loses touch with the human aspects of Columbus’s life, and ends with an assessment which gives an indication of the struggles and tribulations faced by the simple man from Genoa:

“His eventful life was, on the whole, one of the most joyless and full of trouble of which we have any record. That he had his faults all will admit. That those blemishes of character were redeemed by many and exalted virtues, few candid minds will deny.”

John S. C. Abbott (1805–1877) was an American historian, pastor, and writer. He and his brother, Jacob, were some of the most prolific popular history writers of their era, and together produced dozens of works for their New York City based Abbott’s Institute of Historical Biographies. Although trained as a theologian, John’s success as a writer—which closely matched that of his brother—meant that he devoted most of his life to the written word.

206 pages. Paperback.

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